Ghazanavids

                           

Sultan Mahmud made 17 expeditions into India-Pakistan and conquered a number of places in the sub-continent but he did not establish his rule over them except the Punjab. He destroyed some of the temples which was part of his military programme and temples were the places of wealth accumulated. He never destroyed any temple in peacetime. Conquer to India by Ghaznavi weakened the Hindus and created a new path for muslims to invade.

During war Hindus used old methods of warfare and they were not united to fight against well-trained and organized army. The teaching of Islam made them united under the faithful leadership against the common enemy. The successors of Muhmud ruled for more than 150 years at Ghazni. Mahmud of Ghazni launched a series of seventeen invasions between 1000-1026. He was bestowed with a proud title of Idol-Breaker of Ghazni.

The throne of Ghazni was occupied by a number of weak rulers who were unable to resist the Saljuqs. The long struggle between the Ghaznavids and the Seljuks gave the chiefs of Ghour an opportunity of reviving their power. The last Ghaznavid King of the Indus valley Khusrau Malik was killed and Muhammad Ghori subdued the Indus valley in 1185.

                                  Ghurids

Muhammad Ghuri face the opposition of the Rajputs. In Tarain, Prithviraj Chauhan and Ghuri fought a battle in which muslims were defeated. Muhammad Ghuri did not lose heart , gasthered soldiers and attacked strongly with full planning. He adopted a new strategy and tactics. The army of Rajputs were more than the army of Ghuri. They fought bravely but defeated on the hands of muslims. Prithvi Raj was captured and killed. The defeat of Rajputs in second battle of Tarain shattered the powerful image of Rajputs. Muhammad Ghuri moved to Ghazni and Muhammad Qutubuddin Aibak started to rule and conquer the states of India. With the passage of time many governors of province declared them self independent. 

Ghuri wanted to establish permanent muslim rule in India. He was a great politician and farsighted statesman. He fully realized the miserable condition of India and took advantage from it. He was the first muslim ruler to conquer Delhi and established muslim rule. His successors established the first dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, the Mamluk Dynasty. He is founder of Muslim rule in India.