An Empty Pocket with craving Stomach

 When you have a hungry stomach and have no money to make your breakfast while your headache started and for a moment you realized that you haven’t eaten for the last two days. You dreamed of going to school last night and suddenly your all dreams shattered. You started to find money in your all pockets and suddenly you stare at them helplessly because you never put money there. You feel the real meaning of poverty. The cost of coins becomes more than your life. You feel a jolt because an empty wallet is not a problem but being a child with no skills and education is another meaning of death. You starve to death and hunger makes you see everything blurred. With trembling legs, half-closed eyes, and half-dead body, you look at the dustbin with eyes of hope to put out the fire in your stomach. A war breaks out between your hunger and conscience. When craving increases; your principles, values, morals, and self-respect dies. Your hunger kills them and forces you to eat something before you die, so you reach out to others and you stretch your hands in front of others. They look at you with contempt and boredom which makes you a sinner in your eyes. When you can’t find anything to eat, you have only the option to beg for food or steal bread. What will you do?  Congratulations you are a criminal because you are a beggar and thief.  Gradually you forget all your teachings, prayers, and promises you made to God because the poor have no religion. There are many religions in the world and each religion has its own God or Gods but all poor worship the same God instead of belonging to different religions and Gods. The God of the poor is bread.

You are poor so your status has changed. You are untouchable and a burden for the people who can buy their own sustenance. You are rude, ignorant, dirty illiterate, low-standard, disrespectful, thief, criminal, and the worst person on Planet Earth because you are poor. He who has money is a good man, who can speak English with a crooked mouth is an educated man and who wears expensive clothes is a civilized and respectful person. Imagine, at that moment, all your property and job is gone and you have nothing but an empty pocket with a starving stomach, how will the people treat you who claim to love you? What will be your place in your circle? How will people look at you?

This world is a paradise for people having prosperity but the same heaven is hell for those who have no one to ask and they spend their childhood in the pain of cruel hunger.

When a person’s appetite stands him at your door and you scold them, only he knows what is going in his heart. Remember the knocking of the poor on your door is a test for you. Be careful when you speak to them because they deserve respect too and your harsh words might damage their wounded soul. Don’t look at their sad eyes while helping them because your seeing eyes can embarrass them. I promise by treating them will never diminish your honor.

https://youtu.be/RDeOOQJQzIM

Agriculture and its contribution to the economy of Paksitan

 

Agriculture and its contribution to the economy of Pakistan 

“Agriculture is the process of cultivation of land or soil for production purpose”. Agriculture plays a very vital role in the economy of Pakistan and its development. 48% of the labor force is engaged directly with agriculture. So it is the main source of living or income of the major part of the economy population. About 70% of the population is related to agriculture directly or indirectly. Agriculture is the major source of food for the huge population of Pakistan. Agriculture is also the major source of the provision of raw martial to the industrial sector of Pakistan. Its contribution towards GDP is about 25% which is higher than the contribution of any other sector. The following are the main points of the importance of agriculture for the Pakistan economy.

Source of employment:

Pakistan as a developing economy the employment on a consistent level has much importance. On this behalf, agriculture has much importance because it provides employment directly or indirectly to the public. Employment directly affects the GSP of the economy as well as the per capita income. With the increase in per capita income living standard increases, higher hygiene facilities & better education facilities are also increases. All these signs are the factors of economic development. So we can say that agriculture has a great contribution to economic development by providing employment.

Food requirement:

The population growth rate in Pakistan is increasing rapidly. According to the UNDP human development report, the population growth rate in Pakistan is 2% per year. So with the rapidly increasing population, the food requirement is also increasing rapidly. On this behalf agriculture is the only major sector which is meeting the increasing requirement of food. It also reduces the import of food from other economies. So we can say that the agriculture sector is playing a very vital role in the development of Pakistan by providing food for the massive population as well as supporting economic growth.

Contribution to exports:

Major exports or cash crops of Pakistan are wheat, rice, and cotton. 9.8 billion Bales of cotton are produced per year. Rice crop is produced 4.3 million tons per year. These agricultural commodities are exported to various countries against foreign exchange. This foreign exchange is utilized for the import of industrial or technological equipment such as machinery or automobiles. Further this foreign exchange is utilized to improve the infrastructure of the economy or for improving the other sector of the economy like education, health, and investments.

The raw material for industries:

Industries have great importance for the development of any country especially for developing economies like Pakistan. Industries need raw material to produce finish goods. In Pakistan agriculture provides raw material to industries. Cotton is a very important agricultural production which is also a major export of Pakistan. It is used as a raw material in textile industries. The production of these textile industries is exported to various countries against foreign exchange. Livestock is also an agricultural sector. It also plays a very important role to export goods by providing the raw material to various industries like sports goods industries and leather industries. So in this way agriculture helps to Pakistan economy and its growth toward development.

Infrastructural development:

Infrastructure plays a very important role in the development of any economy. It is fuel to the economic development. Well organized infrastructure is a key to development because of quick means of transportation of agricultural goods or commodities (raw material or finish goods) and communication. On the distribution purpose of agricultural products good and quick means of transportation are required this intends to improve the infrastructure rapidly. So agriculture plays an important role in the development of transportation for the purpose of distribution of goods.

Increase in GDP level:

Agriculture has a huge contribution to the GDP of Pakistan's economy. it contributes about 25% of total GDP, which is larger than other sectors of Pakistan. An increase in GDP shows the development progress of the economy. It has played a very important role since independence toward the GDP of Pakistan. Now agriculture is the 3rd largest sector of contributing to GDP. Livestock and fisheries are huge sectors of agriculture in order to provide employment. Employment contributes to GDP, it is as with the increase in employment the per capita income will increase which results in to increase in the GDP rate of the economy.

Decreasing in rural poverty:

The agriculture sector has played a very important role in order to reduction of rural poverty. From 1975 to 2000 the GDP growth rate of agriculture was about 4.1% per year. Green revolution technology in irrigation, improved seeds, and fertilizers played a very vital role to increase agricultural production which results in an increase in GDP. Through this technology farmers with land gain the opportunity to increase their production. So in this way, arable lands became cultivated lands and farmers got the market of agricultural products against some return.

Development of the banking sector:

Agriculture has also contributed a great role in the development of the banking sector. As the government realized the importance of agriculture, it takes steps to improve the productivity of crops by providing the credit facilities to the farmers at low-interest rates. With utilizing these credits farmers can produce more and more crops. For this purpose government established the ZTBL and other financial institutes for the provision of credit facilities. So in this way, the development of the banking sector takes place.

Farm mechanization:

The introduction of farm mechanization in the agricultural sector had played a very effective role in the development of the economy. With the use of modern machinery in agricultural lands causes more and high-quality production of crops. So the provision of raw material to the industries increases. Due to an increase in productivity level the export rate of major export crops is increased which causes foreign exchange and economic development.

Use of Nanotechnology:

In the agricultural sector use of modern technology like nanotechnology has played a very vital role in the development of the economy. This technology is used for producing high yielding variety with high-quality products. High-quality products result in a high rate of return to the farmers and the per capita income of farmers increases. An increase in per capita income shows the growth of the economy toward development.

Role of dairy farming:

Dairy farming from the agricultural sector has also played a great role in economic development. Livestock or dairy farming has a huge contribution to economic growth. The annual protein per capita is 18 kg of meat and 155 litters of milk. This is the highest rate in South Asia. Milk and meat and their by-products have a good market. Farmers can receive a good return by producing and providing these products to the market. This process results in an increase in per capita income as well as an increase in the national income of the economy.

Role of textile industries:

In the economic development textile industries plays a very important role. These industries totally depend on agriculture production in raw form. Cotton is the major crop which is used as raw material for these industries for production purpose. Further, these products are exported to many economies against foreign exchange. So cotton as raw material from the agriculture side contributes toward an increase in NI (National Income). Textile industries also provide employment level which increases the per capita income of the person. So we can say that contribution of textile industries in the development of the economy has much importance.

Role of sugar industries:

The sugar industry is also one of the major sectors of the economy which have great importance according to the development of the economy. This is a totally agricultural based industry. Sugar cane is produced on a very large scale in many areas of Pakistan. This further supplies sugar industries for the production of sugar and other by-products which has a great market. As large scale industries, these also help to provide employment level to the public. This results in an increase in per capita income as well as improves living standards.

Rice Export Corporation:

Many areas of Pakistan have much importance according to the production of rice crops. In some areas, the world's most famous rice crop is produced. A huge quantity is exported to many economies against foreign exchange. This foreign exchange is further utilized in the import of some other products like modern technology or machinery or this is utilized for the improvement of infrastructure of the economy.

Role of fishery:

The fishing industry plays a very important role in the development of the national economy. With a coastline of 814 km, Pakistan has enough resources for that remains to fully develop. This is also the major export of Pakistan.

Forestry:

About 5.2% of the land is covered with forests in Pakistan. This is the major source of paper, lumber, fuelwood, and latex medicine. It is also used for the purpose of wildlife conservation and ecotourism.

Measure to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector for the development of the economy:

Yield collection problems:

The collection of yield from small farmers is a very expensive & difficult process. So it is a great problem in marketing. There should be some easy way for a collection of yield from the farmers.

Rough grading Products:

Commodities or products which are graded have a higher price in the market. In Pakistan mixing of poor & good qualities is common. So grading problems must reduce.

Storage problems:

The storage facilities in markets are not enough, the seller can not store & wait for a higher price of the product due to lack of warehouses. Because of this, some perishable produce suffers a loss.

Middleman’s role:

The middleman takes a big share of farmer crops without doing anything. The farmers borrow the money from them & sell their products at low prices. So this is a big loss to the farmers.

Transportation problems:

Our sources of transportation are insufficient, so a regular supply of the product is not possible for the market. The village is not properly linked to the markets. For the proper provision of products to the market, there must be sufficient as well as fast means of transportation.

Revenue system:

Our farmers have to pay land revenue after the harvesting of each crop, so it forces the farmers to sell their produce at a low price.

Market Advisory Committee (MAC):

MAC (Market Advisory Committee) at district and tehsil level should be set up to provide technical advice and information to co-operative marketing societies. The officers of the co-operative & agriculture department should be the members of the committee.

Market reforms:

The government should improve the market system. Strict rules and laws should be introduced. The prices of agricultural products should be checked by the inspectors in the market.

Let your soul breath

   
Right now, there are people around the world who are sad. They are alone, they miss someone, they are depressed, they are hurt, they have scars from the past, they have personal problems that no one knows, they have secrets that you would not believe. They wish, they dream And they wait. And now, they're sitting here reading these words, and I'm writing this for you, so don't do it. Don't feel lonely anymore. Always remember, don't get depressed about the past, don't worry about the future, and just focus on today. If today is not so good, don't worry. Tomorrow is a new opportunity. If you are reading this, be sure to share this to make others feel better. Have a nice day!

Delhi Sultanate

Mamluk Dynasty:

Slave Dynasty established the first rule in India. It ruled 84 years on the land of India. Qutubuddin is founder of Mamluk Dynasty. After the death of Ghori, Aibek established an independent Kingdom with its headquarters at Lahore. Ater Aibek, Altamash took responsibility of of making the Delhi Sultanate strong. He ruled for 25 years. He chose his daughter Razia Sultan as his successor. His sons were unable to hold such a huge empire. She ruled for a short period of time after her and few Sultans came to throne after her. Balban is another important ruler who introduced himself a Shadow of God on earth.

Khilji Dynasty:

The first Sultan of this Dynasty was Jalaluddin khilji. He came to throne at the age of seven but was murdered and succeeded by his own nephew Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin khilji wanted to become a world conqueror and called himself the second Alexander . He conquered the kingdom of Gujrat, Malwa, and Rajasthan. After conquering the north India he sent his army under the command of Malik Kafur to conquer south india. Alauddin followed the policy of consolidation and took various measures for the  prevention of rebellions. He made several reforms in the field of revenue system. He brought more land under state control and also imposed taxes to increase the revenue of the state. No merchant, farmer or dealer was allowed to sell any product at high price. He not only controls the prices but also controls the transport of goods. Traders who carried goods from one place to another place were registered and every type of facilities was provided to them in the transportation of goods.

Alauddin Khilji suppressed and crushed the Mongols. His administration based on elaborate principles and policies. He was the first Muslim who introduced the measurement of land . Many great poets like Amir Khusrau and other many saints like Shaikh Nizamuddin Aulia flourished in his reign. 

Malik Kafur imprisoned his two sons before his death. Kafur was killed by a soldier and his  third son Mubarak became a ruler. Mubarak imprisoned his brother in Gallor and blinded him. Khusro killed Mubarak Khilji and Ghiasuddin killed Khusro Khan. In this way the Khilji Dynasty ended.

Suicide

When you love too much someone, your love kills you. When you expect too much your expectations kill you. When you give too much importance to someone even he/she does not deserve then it  kill you. When you hate too much or jealous too much your negative emotions kill you. Many times we are killed by our own emotions. The strongest emotions in the world are love and anger. Eighty percent of murders in the world every year are because of anger. Sometimes our loved ones also involved in our own murder planning with us. They do it by shattering the most sensitive feelings. Every year many people commit suicide because of depression. We consult doctors on small cuts in our body but we feel shame to consult doctors when we depressed. Depression is a disease. If you are depressed it doesn't mean you are psycho. It's ok to be suffering from any disease but it is not ok when you are not treating that horrible disease. Be strong, Be thankful and be positive. 

Poverty

       

                      

                 

Poverty, mother of all crimes. It is defined as when a person is unable to fulfill his basic need such as food, shelter, cloth, education, and hospitalization. different factors contribute to the poverty of people such as the unequal distribution of wealth, inflation, and low income of a nation. It is a severe issue for humanity in the twenty-first century. Not only developing but also developed nations are facing this problem despite having a strong economy. Pakistan is one of those countries which is facing horrible problems like poverty.

https://youtu.be/RDeOOQJQzIM

Ghazanavids

                           

Sultan Mahmud made 17 expeditions into India-Pakistan and conquered a number of places in the sub-continent but he did not establish his rule over them except the Punjab. He destroyed some of the temples which was part of his military programme and temples were the places of wealth accumulated. He never destroyed any temple in peacetime. Conquer to India by Ghaznavi weakened the Hindus and created a new path for muslims to invade.

During war Hindus used old methods of warfare and they were not united to fight against well-trained and organized army. The teaching of Islam made them united under the faithful leadership against the common enemy. The successors of Muhmud ruled for more than 150 years at Ghazni. Mahmud of Ghazni launched a series of seventeen invasions between 1000-1026. He was bestowed with a proud title of Idol-Breaker of Ghazni.

The throne of Ghazni was occupied by a number of weak rulers who were unable to resist the Saljuqs. The long struggle between the Ghaznavids and the Seljuks gave the chiefs of Ghour an opportunity of reviving their power. The last Ghaznavid King of the Indus valley Khusrau Malik was killed and Muhammad Ghori subdued the Indus valley in 1185.

                                  Ghurids

Muhammad Ghuri face the opposition of the Rajputs. In Tarain, Prithviraj Chauhan and Ghuri fought a battle in which muslims were defeated. Muhammad Ghuri did not lose heart , gasthered soldiers and attacked strongly with full planning. He adopted a new strategy and tactics. The army of Rajputs were more than the army of Ghuri. They fought bravely but defeated on the hands of muslims. Prithvi Raj was captured and killed. The defeat of Rajputs in second battle of Tarain shattered the powerful image of Rajputs. Muhammad Ghuri moved to Ghazni and Muhammad Qutubuddin Aibak started to rule and conquer the states of India. With the passage of time many governors of province declared them self independent. 

Ghuri wanted to establish permanent muslim rule in India. He was a great politician and farsighted statesman. He fully realized the miserable condition of India and took advantage from it. He was the first muslim ruler to conquer Delhi and established muslim rule. His successors established the first dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, the Mamluk Dynasty. He is founder of Muslim rule in India.

The Arrival of Muslims in Indian 👳 subcontinent t

1) Early  Indian Relations: 

After the conquest of Persia, the Muslims turned their attention to the east. The first naval expedition undertaken by the Arabs in this ocean was during Hazrat Umar's caliphate  in 636 A.D under the command of Osman bin Abi'Aas. During Hazrat Umar's caliphate the governor of Iraq also sent an expedition by land to Makran under Rabi Bin Ziad Haris but the local recaptured the area

The coming of the Umayyad Khalifah al Walid to Power, there opened a new chapter in the history of Islam.

2) Causes of the invasion of Sindh:

The Arabs used to visit the coast of Southern India for trade. Some muslim traders living in Cylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows and orphans back to Baghdad. They made their journey by sea. The king of Ceylon also sent many valuable presents for Walid and Hajjaj bin Yousuf. As the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul, Sindi pirates looted it and took the woman and children.

Hajjaj sent a letter to Dahir requesting him to punish the culprits restore the presents and the captives. Raja Dahir refused to do anything  on the ground that the pirates were beyond his control and he was powerless to punish them.On this Hajjaj decided to invade Sindh. Two small expeditions sent by him but they failed to accomplish their goal.In 712 he sent his nephew Muhammad Bin Qasim , a young boy. Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debul, killed Raja Dahir and defeated Hindus. With the capture of Multan whole domain of Dahir fell to the Muslims.

Effects: The muslims conquest of Sindh brought peace and prosperity to the region , laws and order was restored. The sea pirates of Sindh were crushed. As a result, sea trade flourished. The port of Debal became a very busy and prosperous commercial centre. Qasim subdued the whole of what is modern Pakistan, from Karachi to Multan.

Death of Muhammad Bin Qasim:  

The new Khalifa Sulaiman was an arch enemy of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf and Muhammad Bin Qasim. Being a cousin and son in law of Hajjaj he fell a victim to his wrath. Muhammad Bin Qasim was arrested and sent to Mesopotamia where he was tortured and killed. Thus ended the bright career of the great hero who had laid the foundation of Muslim rule in the subcontinent.

Causes of Arab success:

• There were several causes which contributed to the success of the Arab in Sindh.
• The disunity among the Indians and unpopularity of Dahir greatly facilitated the Arabs conquest to Sindh,
•  The Buddhists and the Jains in Sindh had grievances against Dahir and so they did not help him in times of trouble.
• By the beginning of the 8th century, the Arabs army was well organized, disciplined, well equipped and had good techniques and they improved machinery to attack.
• The spirit of Jihad and string naval army made it possible to defeat Dahir.
• Muhammad Bin Qasim, a young man who was skilful and had best leadership qualities, the success of Arab in Sindh was largely due to his best generalship and leadership.
•  The people of the region were mentally defeated and considered themselves unable to defeat Muslims.

Policies of Muhammad Bin Qasim:

Religious policies:  Muhammad Bin Qasim interpreted interpreted his ruling in liberal manner consistently. Nearly sixty percent of Arab success in Sind was secured through Aman (peae). He permitted Brahmans to perform their ceremonies according to their values and believes. muhammad Bin Qasim placed the entire machinery of internal administration in the hands of the natives. The Jizya was collected from the non-muslims.

Economic Policies:  Many steps were taken to improve and encourage agriculture and trade. Artisans and merchants were free from molestation. Some cases among Hindus were decided according to Hindu Law by Panchayats. The civilian authorities whether they were Hindus or Muslims or Buddhist carried their traditional administrative  and collecting taxes from local people.

For the welfare of poor muslims, the Islamic state relied on the mosque and the Zakat donation, but the building of new mosque was a state project.

Causes of the Arab failure in Sindh:

Following re the factors responsible for the failure of the Arabs in Sindh .

1. Arabs entered from Sindh which was not a rich province and its rich province and its resources were limited. It was also not a good place for launching a successful invasion of India.
2. Lack of unity among muslims made them unable to push their arms to distant land. It stopped their progress. 
3. Khalifa not pay much attention to its military strength in Sindh because of lack of productivity in Sindh.
4. There was a good number of powerful independent Rajput Kingdom in Indo-Pakistan. The strong resistance of the Rajputs proved to be an important cause for the failure of muslims in Sindh.

https://youtu.be/RDeOOQJQzIM